The nation’s organ transplant system is in dire need of restructuring, Barry Friedman, executive director of the AdventHealth Transplant Institute, told members of the U.S. Senate Finance Committee.
The country’s Organ Procurement Transplantation Network (OPTN) is operated by United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) under a contract with the federal government, which they have been awarded since the inception of the contract in 1986. Friedman gave his testimony to the committee, chaired by Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.), on Aug. 3, 2022. In his testimony to senators, Friedman asked for reforms at UNOS. He called for more representation from patient advocacy groups and more overall transparency.
“Families in need of a lifesaving organ have no option but to trust the transplantation system that is in place,” Friedman said. “Unfortunately, that system has failed many awaiting organ transplant due to lack of oversight and accountability. An organ is the greatest gift someone can give, but we have created a system that does not result in the good stewardship of that gift.”
Nationwide, approximately 23 percent of kidneys procured from deceased donors are not used and discarded, resulting in preventable deaths, according to the American Society of Nephrology and OPTN. Since its inception in 1973, the AdventHealth Transplant Institute has performed more than 4,700 kidney transplants and more than 6,300 organ transplants, although numbers are declining due to new organ allocation rules.
"An organ is the greatest gift someone can give, but we have created a system that does not result in the good stewardship of that gift."
Transplant waiting lists were regionally maintained under the previous allocation system but are now based on 250- to 500-mile radiuses and, in the case of kidneys, prioritize those on dialysis longer. Those criteria, some clinicians and statisticians say, can be flawed.
“Somebody who has been on dialysis five years isn’t necessarily much sicker than somebody who’s been on dialysis for two years,” said Bobby Nibhanupudy, MD, medical director of abdominal transplant at the AdventHealth Transplant Institute and OurLegacy, the region’s organ procurement agency. “It pulls kidneys away from cities and states like ours, mid-size cities, to the higher populated cities just because they have a higher number of individuals who are on dialysis.”
The previous system for allocating organs needed updating, Dr. Nibhanupudy said, but changes were made without listening to the input from doctors and transplant professionals at transplant centers and organ procurement agencies most affected by the policy. The new policy led some people to travel to highly populated cities in hopes of getting higher on the waiting list.
“Patients must be seen multiple times in the weeks following a transplant, so being close to home is important for their care,” Dr. Nibhanupudy said. “Traveling farther away not only can decrease the quality of post-transplant care, it also can be a barrier for people who can’t afford to travel from getting the lifesaving treatment they need.”
Transportation also can be an issue. No standardized method is in place for moving or tracking organs. Many transplant centers must rely on commercial airlines for transportation of organs.
“Transplant centers can end up being dependent on airline personnel to move organs on and off commercial flights,” Friedman said. “In many cases, organs must connect from one flight to another, leaving airline personnel responsible for transfers. While anyone can now track where their Amazon or FedEx package is, there is currently no consistent way of tracking organs.”
“We hear stories all the time of organs that don’t end up where they’re supposed to be, which could lead to a preventable death somewhere down the line,” said Dr. Nibhanupudy. “One case was of an organ we sent to California that wound up in the middle of the country. When that happens, instead of saving a life, an organ ends up in a pathologist’s office discarded and eventually with medical trash.”
The AdventHealth Transplant Institute is the only adult and pediatric organ transplant program in Central Florida and one of only 63 programs in the United States that performs multi organ transplants. The transplant institute is a part of AdventHealth Orlando, recently ranked the No. 1 hospital in Central Florida by U.S. News & World Report and No. 2 in Florida.