Pectus carinatum is when the sternum (breastbone) is pushed outward from the chest due to abnormal cartilage, causing a pigeon chest. The defect does not apply pressure to the heart or lungs. Carinatum defects can be treated non-invasively with bracing, or surgically. Defects present at the same age as pectus excavatum; we can offer bracing at most any age and surgery during adolescent years.

Pectus excavatum is when the sternum (breastbone) is pushed into the chest due to costal cartilage. The defect can apply pressure and displace the heart and lungs. Pectus excavatum correction surgery can be performed by pediatric thoracic surgeons, cardiothoracic surgeons and orthopedic surgeons. Treatment options include the suction bell, Ravitch (open) surgical repair, and the Nuss (minimally invasive) repair. The defect typically worsens during adolescent growth spurts and the defect is corrected at 11 to 18 years of age.

The bariatric surgery process and average procedure time vary on multiple factors, like the type of surgery. For example, a gastric bypass procedure usually takes about two hours, and a gastric sleeve procedure may take an hour and a half.

Before your surgery, your care team will be sure to go over all the details of your procedure, including how long you’ll be in the operating room, so all your specific questions are answered.

It varies, but most patients who experience substantial weight loss will have some extra skin. Exercising to tone muscles will help to some degree. Removal of the extra skin is usually considered cosmetic, and coverage depends on your insurance policy. We recommend you first reach your weight loss goal and then undergo surgery to remove your excess skin, if desired.

Weight-loss surgery is incredibly life-changing, and post-bariatric surgery results are wonderful for many people. Most patients will lose about 65% of their excess weight in 18 months (one and a half years), and most of the weight comes off in the first year. About 75% of people can successfully lose weight and keep it off long-term.

All surgical procedures come with risks, but for most patients, the lasting benefits of bariatric surgery outweigh the risks. Some of the main risks of bariatric surgery include:

• Acid reflux
• Anesthesia-related risks
• Chronic nausea and vomiting
• Dilation of esophagus
• Inability to eat certain foods
• Infection
• Obstruction of the stomach
• Weight regain

Other risks may include:

Dumping Syndrome
Dumping syndrome is actually an adrenaline rush caused by too many carbohydrates entering the intestine too quickly. Symptoms are palpitations, sweating and a weak-in-the-knees feeling. About one-quarter of patients who receive a gastric bypass will experience this. This condition is unusual with the gastric sleeve.

Blood Clots (Rare)
Very few surgical weight-loss patients develop blood clots. Less than 1% of all surgical patients in the U.S. encounter this issue. The bariatric team is very proactive in preventing blood clots. You are given blood thinners during surgery and after. You also use a compression device and ambulate every two hours while in the hospital and at home.

There are certain criteria for bariatric surgery. You may be a candidate if you:

• Are between the ages of 18 and 65
• Are not dependent on drugs or alcohol
• Are ready and willing to commit to a new lifestyle
• Have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or above
• Have a weight-related condition, such as high blood pressure, heart disease or sleep apnea
• Have tried to lose weight through other means, such as diet and exercise

The coverage related to bariatric surgery depends on the type of coverage your insurance plan provides. Our care coordinators will help you communicate with your insurance company to understand what coverage your plan requires and provides.